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The gut microbiome, when imbalanced (dysbiosis), is linked to uveitis development through several mechanisms. Further research is needed to confirm causality and develop targeted microbiome therapies for this autoimmune eye disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • The human intestinal microbiome plays a crucial role in immune homeostasis.
  • Dysbiosis, an alteration in the gut microbiome, is associated with autoimmune disorders, including uveitis.
  • Establishing a causal link between gut dysbiosis and uveitis has been challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature linking gut dysbiosis to uveitis development.
  • To explore proposed mechanisms by which the gut microbiome influences uveitis.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets within the intestinal microbiome.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of animal and human studies.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms: molecular mimicry, T cell imbalance, increased intestinal permeability, and metabolite loss.
  • Synthesis of evidence supporting the dysbiosis-uveitis connection.

Main Results:

  • Current literature supports a link between gut dysbiosis and uveitis.
  • Evidence is presented for four proposed mechanistic pathways.
  • Studies offer valuable mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

  • While a link exists, causality requires further investigation.
  • Limitations and microbiome variability hinder specific targeted therapies.
  • Longitudinal clinical studies are necessary to validate microbiome-targeted therapeutics for uveitis.