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Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Rural Adults: A Pilot Intervention Study Using Registered Nurse/Community Health

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    Nurse and community health worker teams effectively reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a rural pilot study. Participants showed improved CVD risk profiles, total cholesterol, and LDL levels after 3 months.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Cardiovascular Health
    • Health Intervention Research

    Background:

    • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction programs are effective in urban settings.
    • Evidence for nurse/community health worker (CHW) team-led CVD interventions in rural settings is limited.
    • This pilot study addresses the gap in testing such interventions in rural environments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the feasibility of adapting an evidence-based CVD risk reduction intervention for rural settings.
    • To evaluate the intervention's potential impact on CVD risk factors and health behaviors in a rural population.
    • To inform future, larger-scale studies on CVD risk reduction in rural communities.

    Main Methods:

    • A pilot study employed a 2-group, experimental, repeated-measures design with 60 participants.
    • Participants were randomized to a standard primary care group or an intervention group.
    • The intervention group received self-management strategies delivered by a registered nurse/CHW team via in-person, phone, or videoconferencing over 3 and 6 months.

    Main Results:

    • In-person and telephone delivery methods were most utilized, with videoconferencing used less frequently.
    • At 3 months, the intervention group showed significant improvements in CVD risk, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) compared to the control group.
    • No significant between-group differences were observed for high-density lipoprotein, blood pressure, or triglycerides.

    Conclusions:

    • The nurse/CHW-delivered intervention demonstrated positive effects on CVD risk profiles, total cholesterol, and LDL levels at 3 months in a rural setting.
    • The findings support the feasibility and potential effectiveness of this intervention model for rural populations.
    • Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to explore the intervention's impact on CVD risk factor disparities in rural areas.