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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency01:11

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The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession,...
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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Pulsar Polarization Arrays.

Tao Liu1, Xuzixiang Lou1, Jing Ren2

  • 1Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong S.A.R., People's Republic of China.

Physical Review Letters
|April 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulsar polarization arrays (PPAs) can use existing pulsar timing array data to search for ultralight axionlike dark matter. This novel approach probes cosmic birefringence, offering new insights into fundamental physics.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Cosmology
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) utilize millisecond pulsars as galactic interferometers for gravitational wave detection.
  • Existing PTA data can be repurposed for novel astrophysical and fundamental physics investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce Pulsar Polarization Arrays (PPAs) as a new tool for exploring astrophysics and fundamental physics.
  • To demonstrate the potential of PPAs in detecting ultralight axionlike dark matter (ALDM) via cosmic birefringence.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging data acquired for PTAs to develop PPAs.
  • Analyzing temporal and spatial correlations in pulsar polarization data.
  • Investigating cosmic birefringence induced by ALDM's Chern-Simons coupling.

Main Results:

  • PPAs are well-suited to detect large-scale correlations, minimizing local noise interference.
  • The study shows PPAs can probe Chern-Simons coupling constants in the range of ~10^-14 to 10^-17 GeV^-1.
  • A potential mass range of ~10^-27 to 10^-21 eV for ALDM can be explored.

Conclusions:

  • PPAs offer a promising new avenue for dark matter detection, particularly for ultralight axionlike particles.
  • This method utilizes existing infrastructure, enhancing the efficiency of scientific discovery.
  • PPAs can provide significant constraints on fundamental physics parameters and dark matter properties.