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Preventable Prenatal and Neonatal Risk Factors of Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood

Setila Dalili1, Shahin Koohmanaee1, Seyyedeh Golnaz Mirmonsef1

  • 1Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.

International Journal of Preventive Medicine
|April 10, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Prenatal and neonatal factors like birth weight and maternal health significantly influence childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) risk. Identifying these risk factors may help prevent T1DM.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a growing autoimmune concern.
  • The early triggers for T1DM autoimmunity, particularly prenatal and neonatal factors, remain largely unknown.
  • Investigating these early-life factors is crucial for understanding T1DM etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine prenatal and neonatal risk factors associated with childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  • To identify specific maternal and infant characteristics that may predispose children to T1DM.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted with T1DM-diagnosed children and healthy siblings.
  • Maternal and neonatal data were collected via a standardized form.
  • Logistic regression and Chi-square tests analyzed the association between variables and T1DM.

Main Results:

  • Significant risk factors for T1DM included lower birth weight, lower birth height, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, gestational hypertension, neonatal jaundice, cesarean delivery, and non-first-born status.
  • Premature rupture of membranes, maternal urinary tract infection, and non-exclusive breastfeeding were also significantly associated with T1DM.
  • No significant associations were found between T1DM and maternal age, sex, neonatal respiratory disease, prematurity, or neonatal infections.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal and neonatal factors play a significant role in the development of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  • Identifying and potentially mitigating these risk factors could offer a preventive strategy for T1DM.
Abstract

Keywords:
Childnewbornpregnancytype 1 diabetes

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