Inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage in Peru: An ecological study
Ali Al-Kassab-Córdova1, Carolina Mendez-Guerra2, Claudia Silva-Perez2
1Centro de Excelencia en Estudios Económicos y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, 15024, Peru.
Objective:
To assess the correlation between COVID-19 vaccination coverage and the Human Development Index (HDI) at the provincial level in Peru.
Study Design:
Ecological study.
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional ecological study based on secondary data analysis. Coverages of the first, second, and third doses of the vaccine against COVID-19 and the HDI were evaluated. The magnitude of the correlations was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients with their corresponding bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Scatter plots were also constructed.
Results:
A total of 196 provinces were included. There was a moderate correlation between the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and the HDI (r = 0.3807 [95% CI 0.2585-0.5030], p < 0.0001). The same direction was found for the second (r = 0.4064 [95% CI 0.2853-0.5276], p < 0.0001) and third dose (r = 0.4435 [95% CI 0.3201-0.5669], p < 0.0001).
Conclusions:
A positive correlation was found between COVID-19 vaccination coverage and the HDI, suggesting the presence of inequalities in access to vaccines. Individualised strategies are needed in lower HDI regions to tackle inequalities.
More Related Videos
05:35Author Spotlight: Developing a Point-of-Care Hemoglobin Estimation Method for Anemia Management
Published on: January 19, 2024
06:55Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
Published on: January 8, 2020
Related Concept Videos
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Pareto Chart
The Pareto chart is named after the Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who described the Pareto...
Confounding in Epidemiological Studies
Causality in Epidemiology
Study Designs in Epidemiology
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
Prevalence and Incidence
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
