Glial Reaction in a Neuroinflammatory Model of Parkinson's Disease

Sixty and 90 days after unilateral intranigral injection of LPS to Wistar rats (10 μg), activation of microglia, neuronal death, and formation of synuclein-positive inclusions were observed in the substantia nigra, but not in dopaminergic neurons. Astrocytes were characterized by increased expression of gliofibrillary protein GFAP, vimentin, complement protein C3, aquaporin-4, and connexin-43. At later stages, GFAP expression decreased, but the distribution of aquaporin-4 and connexin-43 remained disordered, and neuronal degeneration deteriorated. Thus, reactive changes in astrocytes after LPS administration can cause long-term disturbances of the neurogliovascular coupling. The observed functional and morphological alterations in the astroglia can be the cause of progressive disturbances in the substantia nigra.