A system of retinoscopy for the aged eye

A method of retinoscopy is described in which an optical arrangement magnifies the patient's pupil and makes it easier to see the retinoscopic reflex. At the same time, the method permits retinoscopic observation by the emmetropic examiner without need for accommodation, a distinct advantage to the presbyopic examiner. The relationship between retinoscope position and dioptric power-error is linear, a feature that facilitates cylinder determination using a variable-distance technique.