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Sacral Fractures: A Review.
Lauren A Barber1, Yoshihiro Katsuura2, Sheeraz Qureshi1,3
1Emory Spine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Summary
Sacral fractures, from severe trauma to low-energy breaks, affect all ages. This review updates orthopedic surgeons on evaluating and managing these complex pelvic injuries.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Trauma Care
- Anatomy
Background:
- The sacrum, a key bone connecting the pelvis and spine, is susceptible to fractures across all age groups.
- Sacral fractures present a spectrum from high-energy trauma with significant mortality to low-energy insufficiency fractures.
- Complex sacral anatomy, diverse patient morphotypes, and congenital anomalies complicate fracture management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide orthopedic surgeons with an updated overview of sacral fracture evaluation.
- To review current non-surgical and surgical management strategies for sacral fractures.
- To address the limited consensus on surgical indications for sacral injuries.
Main Methods:
- This study is a narrative review of existing literature.
- The review synthesizes information on clinical evaluation and treatment options.
- Focuses on updating orthopedic surgeons' knowledge base.
Main Results:
- Sacral fractures are diverse, ranging from high-energy to insufficiency types.
- Management is complicated by anatomical intricacies and patient variations.
- There is a lack of agreement on surgical indications.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of sacral fractures requires a thorough understanding of their complexity.
- This review aims to guide orthopedic surgeons in clinical decision-making for these injuries.
- Further consensus on surgical indications may improve patient outcomes.
