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Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks
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Muscles or Movements? Representation in the Nascent Brain Sciences.

Zina B Ward1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Florida State University, 151 Dodd Hall, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA. zward@fsu.edu.

Journal of the History of Biology
|April 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The brain

Keywords:
Inferential role semanticsJohn Hughlings JacksonMotor cortexMuscles versus movementsRepresentationScientific concepts

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