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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Multiblock copolymer synthesis via RAFT emulsion polymerization.

Glenn K K Clothier1, Thiago R Guimarães2, Steven W Thompson1

  • 1Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. p.zetterlund@unsw.edu.au.

Chemical Society Reviews
|April 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Synthesizing precisely sequenced multiblock copolymers using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in emulsion offers advanced control over material properties and nanoparticle morphology.

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Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Multiblock copolymers feature distinct monomer segments, offering tunable properties.
  • Precise control over monomer sequence is a key challenge in polymer synthesis.
  • Structure-property relationships in multiblock copolymers are underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthesis of multiblock copolymers using RAFT polymerization.
  • To explore the application of RAFT in aqueous emulsion polymerization.
  • To highlight opportunities in advanced material design and synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization.
  • Implementation of RAFT within aqueous emulsion polymerization.
  • Investigates self-assembly for morphology control.

Main Results:

  • RAFT emulsion polymerization enables precise synthesis of multiblock copolymers.
  • This method provides access to polymeric nanoparticles with controlled morphologies.
  • Precise synthesis coupled with self-assembly allows morphology control from nanometers to micrometers.

Conclusions:

  • RAFT emulsion polymerization is a powerful technique for advanced multiblock copolymer synthesis.
  • Opportunities exist for designing novel materials with tailored properties.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for future advancements.