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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Single-cell transcriptomic landscape of the developing human spinal cord.

Jimena Andersen1,2,3, Nicholas Thom1,2, Jennifer L Shadrach4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

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Researchers mapped the developing human spinal cord at single-cell resolution. This revealed diverse cell types and subtypes, crucial for understanding motor control and neurological disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Spinal cord organization is key to motor control and sensory processing.
  • Understanding cellular development of the human spinal cord is crucial but largely unknown.
  • This complexity is vital for diverse motor behaviors and sensory functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To transcriptomically profile the mid-gestation human spinal cord at single-cell resolution.
  • To investigate cell diversity over time by integrating data from 22 weeks of gestation.
  • To map disease-related genes within the developing spinal cord.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the human spinal cord.
  • Transcriptomic profiling of cellular heterogeneity.
  • Integration of multi-dataset analysis for temporal cell diversity investigation.

Main Results:

  • Discovered significant cellular heterogeneity across and within spinal cord cell types.
  • Identified positional diversity in glia (dorso-ventral, rostro-caudal axes).
  • Characterized astrocyte subtypes (white/gray matter) and motor neuron clusters (alpha/gamma).

Conclusions:

  • This transcriptomic map provides unprecedented cellular-level insight into human spinal cord development.
  • Opens new research avenues for understanding the cellular basis of human motor control.
  • Guides the development of human stem cell-based disease models for neurological disorders.