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Psychological First Aid for Wilderness Trauma: Interventions for Expedition or Search and Rescue Team Members.

Amanda R Mortimer1, Roger B Mortimer2

  • 1Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA.

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Expedition and rescue team members facing trauma can experience acute stress reactions. Psychological first aid, a minimally trained intervention, offers a practical approach to support well-being and potentially prevent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Psychology
  • Wilderness Medicine

Background:

  • Expedition and search and rescue (SAR) personnel face significant trauma exposure in austere environments.
  • Acute stress reactions are common responses to such events but can escalate.
  • Untreated stress reactions may lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the risk of acute stress reactions in expedition and SAR members.
  • To evaluate the role of psychological first aid (PFA) as a field intervention.
  • To explore PFA's potential in preventing PTSD in affected individuals and team members.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews the nature of acute stress reactions in high-risk occupations.
  • It contrasts the limited field role of medication with the accessibility of PFA.
  • PFA interventions focus on promoting safety, calm, self-efficacy, connection, and hope.

Main Results:

  • Medication is often impractical for field-based stress prevention due to training limitations.
  • Psychological first aid is a feasible intervention for lay team members with minimal training.
  • PFA aims to mitigate immediate emotional distress and may prevent long-term PTSD.

Conclusions:

  • Psychological first aid is a valuable, accessible tool for managing acute stress in expedition and SAR settings.
  • PFA benefits not only patients but also team members directly and indirectly exposed to trauma.
  • Early PFA intervention can be crucial in preventing the development of PTSD in high-risk occupational groups.