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Related Concept Videos

Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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Complement System01:27

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Proteomics01:33

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

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Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Dissecting Multi-protein Signaling Complexes by Bimolecular Complementation Affinity Purification BiCAP
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Dissecting Multi-protein Signaling Complexes by Bimolecular Complementation Affinity Purification BiCAP

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Complement, complosome, and complotype: A perspective.

Parul Singh1, Claudia Kemper1

  • 1Complement and Inflammation Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institues of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.

European Journal of Immunology
|April 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The intracellular complement system, or complosome, plays a key role in cell physiology. Further research is needed to understand its origins and role in various diseases.

Keywords:
ComplementComplosomeIntracellular complementMetabolism

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Functional Complementation Analysis FCA: A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Single-cell "omic" technologies reveal immune cell roles in health and disease.
  • The complement system, traditionally extracellular, is now recognized for intracellular functions.
  • Intracellular complement (the complosome) is a critical regulator of normal cell physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize known activation modes and functions of the intracellular complement system (complosome).
  • To provide perspective on the origins of intracellular complement.
  • To advocate for assessing the complosome alongside the complotype and in patients with complement deficiencies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on complement system biology.
  • Analysis of recent advances in "omic" technologies and immunology.
  • Conceptual framework for understanding intracellular complement functions.

Main Results:

  • The complosome is an emerging area in complement biology, with significant roles in cell physiology.
  • Intracellular complement activation and function are distinct from extracellular pathways.
  • The complotype, a measure of inherited complement gene variants, may extend to intracellular components.

Conclusions:

  • The discovery of the complosome opens new avenues for understanding immune responses and cell function.
  • Further investigation into intracellular complement is crucial for understanding health and disease.
  • Reassessing patients with serum complement deficiencies for complosome perturbations may yield new insights.