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Acute Kidney Injury

Shina Menon1, Jordan M Symons1, David T Selewski2

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.

Pediatrics in Review
|April 30, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized children, leading to serious complications. This review updates knowledge on pediatric AKI, covering its definition, diagnosis, and management.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Hospital Medicine

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in hospitalized children.
  • Pediatric AKI is linked to significant adverse outcomes and complications.
  • Recent multicenter studies highlight the prevalence and impact of AKI in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of acute kidney injury in children.
  • To update current understanding of AKI definition, epidemiology, and outcomes.
  • To detail the differential diagnosis, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for pediatric AKI complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent multicenter studies and relevant publications.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on pediatric acute kidney injury.
  • Expert consensus on diagnostic and management guidelines.

Main Results:

  • AKI is prevalent in hospitalized children across diverse settings.
  • Common complications include electrolyte imbalances, acidosis, and fluid disorders.
  • AKI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients.

Conclusions:

  • Acute kidney injury is a critical issue in pediatric healthcare.
  • Early recognition and management are essential to mitigate complications.
  • Continued research and multicenter collaboration are vital for improving outcomes in pediatric AKI.

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