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Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery

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Test-Retest Reliability and the Role of Task Instructions when Measuring Listening Effort Using a Verbal Response

Samantha J Gustafson¹, Crystal Ortiz¹, Loren Nelson¹

¹Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Seminars in Hearing

|May 1, 2023

Summary

Verbal response time (VRT) shows good reliability for measuring listening effort in noisy conditions. This method is consistent across different instructions and environments, making it a promising clinical tool.

Keywords:

listening effort task instructions test–retest reliability verbal response time

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Last Updated: Aug 1, 2025

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Area of Science:

Audiology
Cognitive Psychology
Psychometrics

Background:

Listening in noise demands cognitive resources, increasing listening effort.
Clinical assessment needs reliable measures of listening effort.
Verbal response time (VRT) is a promising method using existing clinical tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

To enhance understanding of the reliability and sensitivity of the VRT listening task.
To evaluate the psychometric properties of VRT for clinical implementation.

Main Methods:

A within-subject pilot study design was employed.
Study 1 assessed test-retest reliability of VRT.
Study 2 examined the influence of task instructions and listening conditions on VRT.

Main Results:

The VRT paradigm demonstrated good to excellent test-retest reliability.
Task instructions and listening conditions did not significantly impact VRT when measurement error was considered.
Preliminary findings support VRT's stability and consistency.

Conclusions:

VRT is a reliable measure of listening effort with potential for clinical use.
Future research should account for measurement error in analyzing VRT data.
VRT offers a viable approach to quantifying listening effort in audiological assessments.