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Related Concept Videos

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Vitamins

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Relationship Between Vitamins and Diabetes.

Devanshu S Raghuvanshi1, Swarupa Chakole1, Mayank Kumar2

  • 1Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.

Cureus
|May 1, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores vitamin levels in type 2 diabetes, finding deficiencies in vitamins A, C, E, B, and D. Supplementation may improve metabolic control, especially for those on metformin.

Keywords:
antioxidantdiabetesimmunityinsulin sensitivityvitamins

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes is linked to oxidative stress and altered nutrient metabolism.
  • Deficiencies in antioxidant vitamins (A, C, E) and B vitamins are common in diabetic individuals.
  • Low vitamin D levels are associated with increased diabetes risk and complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between specific vitamins and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • To investigate the impact of vitamin deficiencies and supplementation on diabetes management.
  • To assess the role of vitamins in mitigating diabetes-related complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining vitamin status in type 2 diabetes.
  • Analysis of research on vitamin supplementation and its effects on glycemic control.
  • Examination of metformin's impact on nutrient absorption in diabetic patients.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with type 2 diabetes often exhibit lower levels of vitamins A, C, E, thiamine, pyridoxine, biotin, B9, and B12.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is linked to higher risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
  • Metformin use can impair absorption of folic acid (vitamin B9) and vitamin B12, requiring supplementation.
  • Vitamin K may influence glucose metabolism, but more research is needed.
  • Multivitamin effectiveness shows inconsistent results, with no universal guidelines.

Conclusions:

  • Specific vitamin deficiencies are prevalent in type 2 diabetes, potentially exacerbating oxidative stress and metabolic abnormalities.
  • Supplementation, particularly folic acid and vitamin B12 for metformin users, may offer benefits for metabolic control.
  • Further research is necessary to establish clear guidelines for vitamin supplementation in type 2 diabetes management.