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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

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Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

28
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
28
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

29
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
29
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

22
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
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Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease

Published on: August 9, 2024

467

OPTN/SRTR 2021 Annual Data Report: Heart.

Monica M Colvin1, Jodi M Smith2, Yoon Son Ahn3

  • 1Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
|May 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent heart transplantation policies and the COVID-19 pandemic impacted patient care. Despite challenges, adult heart transplant rates increased, and pretransplant mortality declined for all ages.

Keywords:
Allocationdonorheart failureheart transplantleft ventricular assist devicemechanical circulatory supportoutcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The last five years presented significant challenges to heart transplantation.
  • The 2018 policy revision and the COVID-19 pandemic influenced practices and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends and impacts on heart transplantation over the past five years.
  • To evaluate the effects of policy changes and the pandemic on heart transplant candidates and recipients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of heart transplantation data from the past five years.
  • Comparison of transplant rates, waiting list dynamics, and mechanical circulatory support use.

Main Results:

  • Heart transplants increased overall in the US, but new candidates decreased during the pandemic.
  • Transplant rates declined in pediatric candidates, especially infants, but increased in adults.
  • Pretransplant mortality decreased for both pediatric and adult candidates.
  • Use of ventricular assist devices increased in pediatric recipients; short-term mechanical support increased in adults.

Conclusions:

  • Despite challenges, the field of heart transplantation shows resilience and advancement.
  • Policy adjustments and evolving support strategies are shaping current and future heart transplant outcomes.