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High COVID-19 death rates in Milwaukee County census tracts correlate with the prevalence of underlying health conditions. These findings highlight areas for targeted health promotion to reduce future mortality.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Geospatial Analysis

Background:

  • Preexisting conditions are linked to COVID-19 mortality risk.
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 500 Cities Project offers condition prevalence data at the census tract level.
  • Condition prevalence may correlate with higher COVID-19 death rates in specific geographic areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if census tract COVID-19 death rates in Milwaukee County correlate with the prevalence of individual mortality risk conditions.
  • To investigate the association between COVID-19 mortality and the prevalence of specific health conditions at the census tract level.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized COVID-19 death data from Milwaukee County Medical Examiner (March-May 2020).
  • Performed linear and multiple regression analyses correlating census tract COVID-19 death rates (per 100,000) with condition prevalence rates from the CDC 500 Cities Project.
  • Analyzed crude death rates against 7 specific condition prevalence rates.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant association was found between crude death rates and condition prevalence rates across Milwaukee County census tracts.
  • Individual regression analyses for each condition's prevalence rate did not show a significant association with crude death rates.

Conclusions:

  • Census tracts with higher COVID-19 mortality rates show a correlation with estimated prevalence rates of conditions linked to increased individual mortality risk.
  • Study limitations include a small sample size of COVID-19 deaths and a single geographic location.
  • Targeted public health interventions in high-risk neighborhoods could potentially reduce future COVID-19 mortality.