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Sex differences in structural covariance network based on MRI cortical morphometry: effects on episodic memory.

Yajun Shi1,2, Dong Cui1,2, Jinpeng Niu1,2

  • 1Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an 271000, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|May 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Females exhibit higher structural brain network integration than males, potentially explaining sex differences in episodic memory (EM). This study emphasizes sex as a crucial variable in neuroscience research.

Keywords:
cortical volumeepisodic memorysexstructural covariance networkstructural magnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Sex differences in episodic memory (EM) are documented, but underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Understanding these differences is vital for advancing cognitive neuroscience and personalized medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-based differences in the neural mechanisms of episodic memory.
  • To explore structural covariance networks (SCN) and their global efficiency (Eglob) in relation to sex and EM performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized T1-weighted MRI scans from the Dallas Lifespan Brain Study (111 females, 61 males).
  • Employed surface-based morphometry and structural covariance (SC) analysis to construct SCNs based on cortical volume.
  • Calculated global efficiency (Eglob) to assess network integration and examined SC relationships with EM performance.

Main Results:

  • Female SCNs showed significantly more SC connections (3306 vs. 437) and higher Eglob (0.1845 vs. 0.0417) than males.
  • Key SCN regions differed, with females showing strong SC in auditory, cingulo-opercular (CON), and default mode networks (DMN), while males showed it in frontoparietal, CON, and DMN.
  • Confirmed higher Eglob in females, suggesting network-level integration differences contribute to sex disparities in EM.

Conclusions:

  • Structural brain network integration, specifically Eglob, is higher in females compared to males.
  • Observed sex differences in SCNs and Eglob may underlie variations in episodic memory performance.
  • Highlights the critical importance of considering sex as a biological variable in brain research.