Bilateral Maxillary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in a Six-Month-Old Infant

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare proliferative disease of myeloid cells that can affect multiple organs and present with diverse clinical manifestations. The skeleton, skin and lymph nodes are commonly affected sites, while oral involvement is rare. LCH is currently classified by disease extent into single system and multisystem forms, and further categorized by risk organs. The purpose of this report is to describe the case of a six-month-old girl who presented with a chief complaint of feeding difficulties, premature eruption of the primary left maxillary second molar, expansion of the maxillary alveolar ridges and ulceration of the posterior maxillary oral mucosa. The diverse presentations of pediatric LCH in the literature are reviewed and the role of pediatric dentists and oral surgeons in helping to diagnose LCH is highlighted.