All-printed multiplexed electrocatalytic biosensors with rationally designed nanoparticle inks.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Biosensor Technology

Background:

• Inkjet printing offers rapid, template-free fabrication for electrochemical biosensors but faces challenges with suitable bioactive inks.
• Developing integrated and multiplexed biosensors is crucial for comprehensive analysis, particularly in metabolic monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

• To demonstrate a fully inkjet-printed, integrated, and multiplexed electrochemical biosensor.
• To overcome limitations in printable sensing inks for bioactive materials.
• To enable simultaneous detection of glucose and lactate.

Main Methods:

• Preparation of stable gold nanoparticle ink using L-cysteine for electrodes and interconnects.
• Utilizing SU-8 ink for dielectric layers and silver nanoparticle ink for Ag/AgCl reference electrodes.
• Synthesizing an electroactive ink of poly(6-aminoindole) and gold-palladium alloy nanoparticles (Au-Pd@PIn-6-NH2) for enhanced hydrogen peroxide sensing.
• Immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) and lactic acid oxidase (LOx) onto the printable sensing ink for specific analyte detection.

Main Results:

• Successful fabrication of a fully inkjet-printed electrochemical biosensor.
• The developed nanoparticle inks facilitated the printing of all necessary components, including electrodes and dielectric layers.
• The biosensor demonstrated sensitive and selective simultaneous detection of glucose and lactate.
• The Au-Pd@PIn-6-NH2 ink enhanced sensing performance for hydrogen peroxide.

Conclusions:

• A fully inkjet-printed, integrated, and multiplexed electrochemical biosensor was successfully fabricated using rationally designed nanoparticle inks.
• The advanced inks enable facile, scalable fabrication and sensitive detection of key metabolites like glucose and lactate.
• This technology holds significant promise for point-of-care diagnostics and metabolic monitoring applications.