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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Area of Science:

  • Wireless Communication
  • Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Geospatial Positioning

Background:

  • Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a key technology for IoT due to its coverage, energy efficiency, and network compatibility.
  • Current NB-IoT systems lack reliable positioning methods, as traditional time-based techniques are not widely available and perform poorly on NB-IoT signals.
  • Integrating location data with IoT device information is crucial for many applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate novel positioning strategies for NB-IoT devices.
  • To address the limitations of existing NB-IoT positioning techniques.
  • To improve the accuracy and reliability of location services for NB-IoT applications.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed NB-IoT positioning strategies based on multi-cell fingerprinting.
  • Utilized coverage and radio information from multiple cells.
  • Evaluated strategies on large-scale, open-source datasets from multiple NB-IoT operators in Oslo and Rome.

Main Results:

  • The proposed multi-cell fingerprinting strategies significantly outperform single-cell methods.
  • Achieved a minimum average positioning error of approximately 20 m using single-operator data.
  • Further improvements to below 15 m average error were observed with multi-operator data and data smoothing.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-cell fingerprinting using coverage and radio information is a superior approach for NB-IoT positioning.
  • The developed strategies offer a substantial improvement in accuracy over state-of-the-art methods.
  • Enhanced positioning accuracy below 15 m is achievable in urban settings for NB-IoT.