Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Respiration and Gaseous Exchange01:20

Respiration and Gaseous Exchange

1.6K
The intricate interplay between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is crucial for efficiently transporting respiratory gases throughout the body. Let us explore the cardiovascular system's multifaceted functions, emphasizing its pivotal role in gas exchange.
Respiration involves the exchange of gases, especially oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the alveoli and body cells, a process facilitated by blood circulation. As a result, the cardiovascular system, which involves...
1.6K
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

2.9K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
2.9K
Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

70.5K
Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
70.5K
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

880
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
880
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

1.0K
Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
1.0K
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

2.2K
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The conducting airways before and after gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender individuals.

Experimental physiology·2026
Same author

Cognitive Performance During Acute Hypoxia Is Associated with Cerebral Oxygenation and Blood Flow.

Aerospace medicine and human performance·2026
Same author

Evaluating the shape of the expiratory flow volume curve in asymptomatic ex-smokers.

Respiratory physiology & neurobiology·2026
Same author

Cerebral Oxygen Budgeting: Network-Level BOLD Dynamics During Acute Hypoxia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

At-Home High-Intensity Interval Training for Individuals with Paraplegia Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Series.

Journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation (Wilmington, Del.)·2026
Same author

Sex differences in wheelchair marathon performance.

American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice
10:00

Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2019

8.5K

The oxygen transport cascade and exercise: Lessons from comparative physiology.

Andrew H Ramsook1, Paolo B Dominelli2, Sarah A Angus2

  • 1Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/ahramsook.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology
|May 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Animal physiology studies offer crucial insights into human exercise physiology. Research on ventilation, oxygen transport, and blood flow in animals, like sled dogs and horses, enhances our understanding of human responses.

Keywords:
Comparative physiologyExercise physiologyKrogh principleOxygen transport cascade

More Related Videos

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
09:04

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: February 20, 2018

12.6K
Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
07:09

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Published on: February 20, 2017

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice
10:00

Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2019

8.5K
Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
09:04

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: February 20, 2018

12.6K
Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
07:09

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Published on: February 20, 2017

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Comparative Exercise Physiology
  • Animal Models in Human Physiology Research
  • Oxygen Transport Cascade

Background:

  • The Krogh Principle emphasizes using convenient animal models to study physiological problems.
  • Understanding human exercise physiology benefits from cross-species comparative studies.
  • The oxygen transport cascade involves ventilation, hemoglobin transport, and muscle blood flow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how animal models have advanced human exercise physiology knowledge.
  • To highlight insights gained from studying ventilation, oxygen transport, and blood flow across species.
  • To illustrate the complementary nature of interspecies physiological research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies examining ventilation in elite athletes (human skiers) and animal models (sled dogs) exposed to cold, dry air.
  • Comparative analysis of hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curves in humans and deer mice.
  • Examination of methods for measuring respiratory muscle blood flow in exercising humans and insights from equine models.

Main Results:

  • Studies on elite skiers and sled dogs reveal detrimental effects of cold, dry air on airways.
  • Deer mice models with shifted oxygen dissociation curves provide insights into hemoglobin's role in oxygen transport.
  • Equine models aid in understanding respiratory muscle blood flow distribution during exercise, overcoming human measurement challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Interspecies research, guided by the Krogh Principle, significantly enhances understanding of human exercise physiology.
  • Animal models provide unique advantages for studying specific components of the oxygen transport cascade.
  • Comparative physiology is essential for a comprehensive view of physiological adaptations and limitations.