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Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training
Published on: January 18, 2021
Tomographic Plane Visualization (ToPlaV): a Tool to Enhance Echocardiographic Training
Peter Koenig1, Shivani Patel2, William C McGaghie3
1Division of Cardiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Ave. Box 21, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. pkoenig@luriechildrens.org.
Abstract:
Visual learning is an important part of echocardiographic training. Our aim is to describe and evaluate a visual teaching tool, tomographic plane visualization (ToPlaV) as an adjunct to skills training in pediatric echocardiography image acquisition. This tool incorporates learning theory by applying psychomotor skills that closely emulate the skills used in echocardiography. ToPlaV was used as part of a transthoracic bootcamp for first year cardiology fellows. A qualitative survey was given to trainees to evaluate their perceptions of its usefulness. There was universal agreement among fellow trainees that ToPlaV is a useful training tool. ToPlaV is a simple, low cost, education tool which can complement a simulator and live models. We propose that ToPlaV should be incorporated into early training in echocardiography skills for pediatric cardiology fellows.
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