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Exosomal MicroRNA-223, MicroRNA-146, and MicroRNA-21 Profiles and Biochemical Changes in Laryngeal Cancer.

Sidika Genc1, Tarik Yagci2, Dimitra P Vageli3

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Summary

Early diagnosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is crucial. This study identifies specific serum exosomal microRNAs and biochemical markers as potential indicators for LSCC detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is an aggressive cancer requiring urgent diagnostic advancements.
  • Exosomes, particularly their microRNA and mRNA content, show promise as cancer biomarkers.
  • The specific roles of serum exosomal miR-223, miR-146, miR-21, PTEN, and HBD mRNA in LSCC remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression profiles of serum exosomal miR-223, miR-146, miR-21, PTEN, and HBD mRNA in LSCC patients.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic potential of these exosomal molecules and associated biochemical markers (CRP, vitamin B12) for LSCC.
  • To explore potential regulatory interactions, such as miR-21's effect on PTEN in LSCC.

Main Methods:

  • Exosomes were isolated from the serum of LSCC patients and healthy controls.
  • Exosome characterization involved scanning electron microscopy and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
  • Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify exosomal miR-223, miR-146, miR-21, PTEN, and HBD mRNA levels.
  • Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and vitamin B12 levels were also measured.

Main Results:

  • Serum exosomal miR-223, miR-146, and PTEN mRNA were significantly decreased in LSCC patients compared to controls (p < 0.05).
  • Serum exosomal miR-21 was significantly increased in LSCC patients (p < 0.01).
  • Serum vitamin B12 and CRP levels were significantly elevated in LSCC patients (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Combined analysis of decreased serum exosomal miR-223, miR-146, and altered miR-21, along with elevated CRP and vitamin B12, may serve as potential biomarkers for LSCC.
  • These findings warrant validation in larger cohort studies for clinical application.
  • Evidence suggests a potential negative regulatory role of miR-21 on PTEN in the context of LSCC, meriting further investigation.