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Lethal use of force surveillance: practical considerations for open-source database linkage.

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Government tracking of law enforcement deaths in the USA is insufficient. Merging public and crowdsourced databases revealed 6,333 deaths from 2013-2017, highlighting the need for better data on police violence.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Criminology
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Official government tracking of law enforcement deaths in the USA is unreliable and incomplete.
  • Existing federal efforts miss a significant portion of annual deaths resulting from law enforcement's use of lethal force.
  • The lack of accurate data hinders the quantification of the burden of these deaths and the identification of intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the reliability and timeliness of existing data sources on law enforcement-related deaths in the USA.
  • To merge multiple databases to create a more comprehensive dataset on these events.
  • To highlight the importance of non-traditional data sources for public health and policy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized successive deterministic and probabilistic linkage to merge four databases: The Washington Post, The Guardian, Fatal Encounters, and Mapping Police Violence.
  • Applied data cleaning and exclusion criteria to refine the merged dataset.
  • Focused on data from 2013 to 2017.

Main Results:

  • A total of 6,333 deaths were identified between 2013 and 2017 after data merging and exclusions.
  • Each database contributed unique cases not found in others, underscoring the value of diverse data sources.
  • The merged dataset provides a more robust count than any single source alone.

Conclusions:

  • Non-traditional and crowdsourced data sources are crucial for accurately tracking law enforcement-related deaths.
  • Improved data accessibility and timeliness are essential for public health agencies to study and address police violence.
  • This methodology can serve as a model for enhancing data collection on this public health crisis.