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Related Concept Videos

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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The urea cycle describes how liver cells convert ammonia to urea. Ammonia is a toxic waste product of protein catabolism. Land animals must convert ammonia into the less toxic urea which can be safely eliminated by the kidneys through urine. Marine animals excrete ammonia directly, and the surrounding water dilutes the ammonia to safe levels.
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Animals have evolved different strategies for excretion, the removal of waste from the body. Most waste must be dissolved in water to be excreted, so an animal’s excretory strategy directly affects its water balance.
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Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Overview of Metabolism01:40

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
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Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
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Trends in Biological Ammonia Production.

Adewale Adeniyi1, Ibrahim Bello2, Taofeek Mukaila1

  • 1Environmental and Conservation Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.

Biotech (Basel (Switzerland))
|May 23, 2023
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Summary

Biological ammonia production offers a sustainable alternative to traditional methods, reducing energy demands and CO2 emissions. Advanced bioengineering techniques are key to making bio-ammonia production more efficient and industrially viable.

Keywords:
bioengineeringbiological ammoniabioprocessingenzyme immobilizationfermentation

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and biochemical engineering
  • Sustainable agriculture and food production

Background:

  • Conventional ammonia production is energy-intensive, contributing significantly to global CO2 emissions.
  • Ammonia-based fertilizers are crucial for modern agriculture, impacting crop yield and food security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and present three distinct biological approaches for bio-ammonia synthesis.
  • To explore the potential of converting nitrogen gas, bioresources, and waste into bio-ammonia.
  • To highlight advancements and challenges in developing industrially pragmatic bio-ammonia production.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biochemical mechanisms driving biological ammonia production.
  • Analysis of enzyme immobilization techniques for enhanced bio-ammonia synthesis.
  • Evaluation of microbial bioengineering strategies to optimize bioprocessing.

Main Results:

  • Three primary biological pathways for bio-ammonia production are detailed.
  • Enzyme immobilization and microbial bioengineering significantly improve bio-ammonia yields.
  • Current research indicates a promising trajectory for sustainable ammonia generation.

Conclusions:

  • Bio-ammonia production presents a viable, eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods.
  • Further research is needed to address existing challenges and bridge the gap to industrial application.
  • Optimizing bioprocessing technologies is critical for the widespread adoption of bio-ammonia.