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Related Concept Videos

Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate01:10

Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate

494
The moisture content of aggregates is a crucial factor in construction, particularly in concrete mixing, as it influences the total water required in the mix. Moisture content represents the water coated on the exterior surface of the aggregate existing in a saturated and surface-dry condition. The total water content of a moist aggregate is the sum of its moisture content and water absorption.
When aggregates are exposed to rain or sit in stockpiles, they absorb moisture, which must be...
494
Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

407
When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...
407

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Assessment of Waste-Derived Biochars on the Health and Biological Activity of Soil
10:31

Assessment of Waste-Derived Biochars on the Health and Biological Activity of Soil

Published on: October 10, 2025

717

Post-Inoculation Drying and Storage Effects on HAB Viability and Nutrient Retention in Biochar.

Christiana Bitrus1, Ademola Hammed1,2, Tawakalt Ayodele1

  • 1Environmental and Conservation Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.

Biotech (Basel (Switzerland))
|February 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Thermal drying impacts beneficial microbes in biochar. While high heat reduces immediate survival, microbes recover during storage, showing potential for optimized biochar applications.

Keywords:
biofertilizer developmentcarbon-based carriershyperammonia-producing bacteriamicrobial shelf lifenutrient retention mechanismspost-production stabilizationstress-adapted microbial consortia

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • The impact of thermal drying on microorganisms within biochar is not well understood.
  • Investigating the effects on beneficial microbes and nutrient retention is crucial for biochar applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine how drying temperature affects hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria (HAB) survival in biochar.
  • To assess the influence of storage on microbial recovery and nutrient stability after drying.

Main Methods:

  • Biochar inoculated with HAB was dried at 40-60 °C.
  • Microbial revival was assessed via reculturing after 30 days of storage.
  • FTIR spectroscopy analyzed surface functional groups; nitrogen content evaluated nutrient retention.

Main Results:

  • Increased drying temperatures reduced immediate microbial revival.
  • Microbes showed enhanced revival after 30 days of storage.
  • Drying temperature altered surface functional groups; nitrogen retention was minimally affected below 55 °C.

Conclusions:

  • Drying temperature significantly influences short-term microbial survival and long-term recovery in biochar.
  • Elevated temperatures may temporarily inhibit microbial activity, but recovery is possible.
  • Optimizing drying is key to balancing microbial viability and nutrient retention in biochar products.