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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metrology
    • Interferometry

    Background:

    • Traditional interferometry faces challenges in measuring large displacements with high precision.
    • Vortex beams offer unique properties for advanced optical measurements.
    • Existing methods struggle with factors limiting macro displacement sensing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate a vortex beam interferometer for macro displacement measurement.
    • To resolve key limitations hindering large displacement sensing.
    • To achieve picometer resolution and extend measurement range significantly.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a vortex beam displacement measurement interferometer (DMI).
    • Employed small topological charge numbers for enhanced sensitivity and range.
    • Implemented a computing visual method with a virtual moiré pointer for displacement calculation, ensuring immunity to beam misalignment.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully measured displacements ranging from nanoscale to 100 millimeters.
    • Demonstrated high sensitivity and large displacement measurement capabilities.
    • Identified an absolute benchmark for cycle counting in fractional topological charge moiré patterns.

    Conclusions:

    • The vortex beam interferometer is effective for both micro and macro displacement measurements.
    • The proposed method overcomes previous limitations in large displacement sensing.
    • This technology represents a significant advancement in high-precision metrology.