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Efficient continuous-wave Tm,Ho:CaF₂ laser at 2.1µm.

Kirill Eremeev, Pavel Loiko, Abdelmjid Benayad

|May 24, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates the first continuous-wave laser operation using thulium (Tm³⁺) and holmium (Ho³⁺)-codoped calcium fluoride (CaF₂) crystals, achieving efficient lasing at approximately 2.1 µm for potential ultrashort pulse generation.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Laser Physics
Solid-State Spectroscopy

Background:

Calcium fluoride (CaF₂) is a promising host material for rare-earth ion doping.
Thulium (Tm³⁺) and holmium (Ho³⁺) codoping enables laser operation in the mid-infrared region.
Continuous-wave (CW) laser operation at ~2.1 µm is desirable for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the first continuous-wave (CW) laser operation of Tm³⁺,Ho³⁺-codoped CaF₂ crystals.
To characterize the spectroscopic and laser properties of these novel laser materials.
To assess their potential for ultrashort pulse generation.

Main Methods:

Growth of Tm,Ho:CaF₂ crystals using the Bridgman method.
Spectroscopic analysis including stimulated-emission cross-section and decay time measurements.
Laser performance evaluation including output power, slope efficiency, and threshold measurement.

Main Results:

The stimulated-emission cross section for the ⁵I₇ → ⁵I₈ Ho³⁺ transition was determined to be 0.72 × 10^-20 cm² at 2025 nm.
A Tm,Ho:CaF₂ laser achieved 737 mW output power with a 28.0% slope efficiency and 133 mW threshold.
Continuous wavelength tuning from 1985 to 2114 nm (129 nm tuning range) was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

Tm,Ho:CaF₂ crystals exhibit favorable properties for efficient ~2.1 µm laser operation.
The demonstrated laser performance and tuning range highlight the potential of these crystals.
Tm,Ho:CaF₂ is a promising material for developing ultrashort pulse lasers in the 2 µm spectral region.