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Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

233
Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
233
Schemas01:42

Schemas

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A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
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A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

Published on: December 8, 2014

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An Unexpected Finding in a Concussed Circus Acrobat.

Rock P Vomer1,2, Dusty Narducci3, Emma York4

  • 1Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville Campus, Jacksonville, USA.

Cureus
|May 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Late-stage syphilis can mimic persistent post-concussive syndrome (PPCS) symptoms like amnesia and cognitive decline. Early syphilis diagnosis and treatment led to significant symptom improvement in a patient presenting with PPCS-like neurocognitive deficits.

Keywords:
concussionneurosyphilispersistent post concussive syndromesexually transmitted infectionssyphillis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Persistent post-concussive syndrome (PPCS) involves persistent neurocognitive and psychological symptoms after concussion.
  • Differential diagnosis for PPCS is broad, including various neurological and psychological conditions.

Observation:

  • A 58-year-old female presented with symptoms mimicking PPCS, including memory loss, nausea, and balance issues, following multiple concussions.
  • Physical examination revealed neurological signs such as a positive Romberg sign, resting tremor, and unresponsive pinpoint pupils.
  • The patient's history included high-risk sexual behavior, prompting investigation for sexually transmitted infections.

Findings:

  • Syphilis testing was positive in the patient presenting with PPCS-like symptoms.
  • Treatment with penicillin resulted in significant improvement in gait, balance, headaches, vision, and cognition within three months.

Implications:

  • Late-stage syphilis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent post-concussive syndrome.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment of syphilis can lead to substantial recovery of neurological and cognitive functions.
  • This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive differential diagnosis in complex neurological presentations.