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This study introduces adaptive kirigami envelope windows that regulate thermal radiation. These innovative windows can reduce interior temperatures by 3.3°C or increase them by 3.9°C, saving significant energy.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Building Physics
  • Energy Conservation

Background:

  • Windows are critical for building energy efficiency but pose thermal challenges.
  • Efficient thermal radiation regulation is essential for reducing building energy consumption.
  • Adaptive window technologies are needed to meet demands in changing environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a variable-angle thermal reflector using kirigami for window thermal radiation modulation.
  • To develop an adaptive envelope for windows capable of switching between heating and cooling modes.
  • To evaluate the energy-saving potential of kirigami envelope windows.

Main Methods:

  • Employing a kirigami structure to create a variable-angle thermal reflector.
  • Implementing pre-stress loading to switch between heating and cooling modes.
  • Testing the system on a building model in outdoor conditions.

Main Results:

  • The kirigami envelope windows demonstrated temperature regulation capabilities.
  • Interior temperatures were reduced by ~3.3 °C (cooling) and increased by ~3.9 °C (heating).
  • The adaptive envelope achieved 13% to 29% annual HVAC energy savings.

Conclusions:

  • Kirigami envelope windows offer effective thermal radiation modulation for buildings.
  • The adaptive design provides efficient temperature regulation and significant energy savings.
  • This technology presents a promising solution for energy-efficient building envelopes.