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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

Single-Crystal 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks for Plant Biotechnology.

Song Wang¹, Vaishnavi Amarr Reddy², Mervin Chun-Yi Ang¹

¹Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|May 25, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed a new method to synthesize 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high surface area. These biocompatible COF nanoflakes show promise as effective nanocarriers for delivering molecules into plant cells.

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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Biotechnology

Background:

Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer high surface area and charge density.
Biocompatibility is crucial for life science applications, but synthetic challenges lead to disordered structures.
Achieving long-range order in 2D COFs remains a significant hurdle.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish thermodynamic control over the 2D polymerization of biocompatible imine monomers.
To synthesize ordered 2D COFs, including single crystals.
To develop high-surface area COF nanoflakes for potential nanocarrier applications in life sciences.

Main Methods:

Utilized thermodynamic control by minimizing surface energy of nuclei during 2D polymerization.
Employed exfoliation and minification techniques to obtain COF single crystals.
Dispersed 2D COF nanoflakes in aqueous medium with cationic polymers.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized polycrystal, mesocrystal, and single-crystal 2D COFs.
Created high-surface area 2D COF nanoflakes with aqueous dispersibility.
Demonstrated that 2D COF nanoflakes can act as plant cell nanocarriers, delivering abscisic acid (ABA) into living plant cells.

Conclusions:

Developed a novel synthetic route for ordered 2D COFs with high surface area.
2D COF nanoflakes exhibit excellent potential as biocompatible nanocarriers for plant biotechnology.
This advancement opens avenues for targeted delivery in plant science and other life science applications.