Nanomedicines: Impactful Approaches for Targeting Pulmonary Diseases

In both developing and developed nations, pulmonary diseases are the major cause of mortality and disability. There has been a worldwide increase in the incidence of both acute and chronic respiratory illnesses, which poses a serious problem for the healthcare system. Lung cancer seems to be just one form of a parenchymal lung disorder, but there are many others, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, occupational lung diseases (asbestosis, pneumoconiosis), etc. Notably, chronic respiratory disorders cannot be cured, and acute abnormalities are notoriously difficult to treat. As a result, it is possible that therapeutic objectives could be achieved using nanotechnology in the form of either improved pharmacological efficacy or reduced toxicity. In addition, the incorporation of various nanostructures permits the enhancement of medication bioavailability, transport, and administration. Medicines and diagnostics based on nanotechnology have progressed significantly toward clinical application for the treatment of lung cancers. In recent years, scientists have shifted their focus towards exploring the potential of nanostructures in the treatment of other relevant respiratory illnesses. Micelles and polymeric nanoparticles are the two most studied nanostructures in a wide range of diseases. This study concludes with a summary of recent and pertinent research in drug delivery systems for the treatment of various pulmonary disorders, as well as trends, limitations, significance, and treatment and diagnostics employing nanotechnology, as well as future studies in this domain.