A Comprehensive Review on Exosome: Recent Progress and Outlook

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Nanomedicine
• Immunology

Background:

• Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles involved in normal and pathological processes.
• Their unique properties, including biocompatibility and tumor targeting, make them promising for drug delivery.
• Exosomes are increasingly recognized for their potential in cancer immunotherapy due to their immunogenicity and cargo transfer capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of exosome biogenesis, isolation, and drug delivery applications.
• To highlight the potential of exosomes in cancer immunotherapy and other therapeutic areas.
• To summarize recent clinical advancements and updates regarding exosome-based therapies.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on exosome research.
• Analysis of exosome characteristics relevant to drug delivery and immunotherapy.
• Synthesis of current clinical trial data and therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

• Exosomes exhibit favorable characteristics for drug delivery, including biocompatibility, tumor tropism, and stability.
• Exosomes can be engineered for targeted delivery of therapeutic payloads (small molecules, macromolecules, nucleotides).
• Exosomes possess immunomodulatory functions, making them attractive for cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

• Exosomes represent a versatile platform for advanced drug delivery systems.
• Their application in cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving field with significant clinical potential.
• Continued research into exosome biogenesis, isolation, and clinical translation is crucial for realizing their full therapeutic benefits.