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Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

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Published on: December 31, 2017

Sex and Age Effects on Healthy Gingival Transcriptomic Patterns.

J L Ebersole¹, S S Kirakodu², L M Nguyen¹

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.

Journal of Dental Research

|May 26, 2023

Summary

Sex and age significantly impact gingival tissue gene expression, influencing periodontitis risk. These sex-based biological differences emerge early in life, affecting immune and structural gene patterns.

Keywords:

aging inflammation nonhuman primate periodontitis reactome pathway transcriptome

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Area of Science:

Oral biology
Immunology
Genomics

Background:

Chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis, exhibit demographic associations like sex and age.
Periodontitis prevalence increases with age and is higher in males.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex and age-related differences in the healthy gingival transcriptome of nonhuman primates.
To correlate gene expression patterns with clinical measures of periodontitis, such as bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth (PPD).

Main Methods:

Analysis of gingival tissue gene expression in 36 Macaca mulatta across four age groups (young, adolescent, adult, aged).
Stratification of transcriptome data by sex and age.
Comparison of gene expression with clinical BOP and PPD measurements.

Main Results:

Significant sex differences in gene expression were observed, increasing with age.
Females showed upregulated immune/inflammatory response genes; males showed upregulated tissue structural genes.
Gene expression correlated differently with BOP/PPD between sexes, with males showing substantial overlap.

Conclusions:

Substantial sex-related variations in gingival biology exist, influenced by age and detectable even in adolescents.
Early-life "programming" of gingival tissues related to sex may predispose individuals to periodontitis.
Sex and age are critical factors in understanding gingival tissue homeostasis and periodontitis susceptibility.