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Related Concept Videos

G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of specific...
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors
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5-HT6 Receptors Sex-Dependently Modulate Hippocampal Synaptic Activity through GABA Inhibition.

Caroline Lahogue1, Jean-Marie Billard1, Thomas Freret1

  • 1Department of Health, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, FHU A2M2P, CHU Caen, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France.

Biomolecules
|May 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Blocking serotonin 5-HT6 receptors enhances hippocampal synaptic activity in male mice by increasing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function, suggesting sex-dependent mechanisms for memory modulation.

Keywords:
NMDAelectrophysiologyhippocampuslong-term potentiationserotonin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Serotonin 5-HT6 receptors (5-HT6Rs) are implicated in memory processes.
  • 5-HT6R antagonism shows promise for memory enhancement in rodents.
  • The precise functional mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of 5-HT6R blockade on hippocampal synaptic activity and plasticity.
  • To explore sex-dependent differences in these effects.
  • To elucidate the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and GABAARs.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological extracellular recordings in male and female mouse hippocampal slices.
  • Assessment of basal excitatory synaptic transmission.
  • Evaluation of NMDAR and GABAAR contributions using specific antagonists (bicuculline).
  • Analysis of synaptic plasticity, including paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and long-term potentiation (LTP).

Main Results:

  • SB-271046 (a 5-HT6R antagonist) significantly increased basal excitatory synaptic transmission and NMDAR activation.
  • This NMDAR-mediated enhancement was blocked by bicuculline in males but not females.
  • 5-HT6R blockade did not affect NMDAR-dependent LTP or PPF.
  • Results suggest a sex-dependent modulation of the excitation/inhibition balance.

Conclusions:

  • 5-HT6R blockade influences basal synaptic activity in the hippocampus in a sex-dependent manner.
  • The effects involve alterations in NMDAR and GABAAR function.
  • These findings provide insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying 5-HT6R modulation of cognitive function.