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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
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Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
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Decision-Making and Risk-Propensity Changes during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown.

Pierpaolo Zivi1, Stefano Sdoia1, Valentina Alfonsi1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.

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COVID-19 lockdowns negatively impacted decision-making abilities over time. Individuals experiencing greater subjective stress during confinement showed more significant impairments in decision-making processes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated widespread lockdowns, creating stressful environmental conditions impacting individual and collective wellbeing.
  • Understanding the psychological and cognitive consequences of prolonged isolation and confinement is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal effects of the Italian lockdown on decision-making, risk propensity, and cognitive control.
  • To assess how subjective stress and anxiety influenced these cognitive processes during and after confinement.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal online study conducted weekly during the Italian lockdown (March-May 2020) and a follow-up in September 2020.
  • Utilized behavioral tasks: Balloon Analogue Risk Task (risk propensity), Iowa Gambling Task (decision-making), and Category Switch Task (cognitive flexibility).
  • Administered questionnaires to measure subjective stress and anxiety levels.

Main Results:

  • Decision-making abilities significantly deteriorated as the lockdown confinement progressed.
  • Individuals reporting higher subjective stress and anxiety during isolation exhibited more pronounced deficits in decision-making.
  • Cognitive flexibility and risk propensity showed temporal effects related to the confinement period.

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged confinement during emergencies like pandemics can impair human decision-making capabilities.
  • Subjective experiences of stress and isolation are key factors in cognitive performance decline.
  • Findings can inform strategies to mitigate negative behavioral impacts during public health crises and reduce healthcare system burden.