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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Electronics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The Josephson diode effect, a non-reciprocal critical current in Josephson devices, requires breaking inversion symmetry.
  • Spin-orbit interactions are typically employed to achieve this symmetry breaking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the observation of the Josephson diode effect in a novel three-terminal Josephson device.
  • To investigate the tunability and underlying mechanisms of this effect.
  • To establish a scalable approach for Josephson diode applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a three-terminal Josephson device using an InAs quantum well and an epitaxial aluminum superconducting layer.
  • Characterization of the Josephson diode effect through measurements of critical current non-reciprocity.
  • Tuning of the diode efficiency using an out-of-plane magnetic field and electrostatic gating.

Main Results:

  • Observation of the Josephson diode effect in the fabricated device.
  • Demonstration that diode efficiency is tunable via magnetic field and electrostatic gating.
  • Identification of a higher-harmonic current-phase relation as the cause of the diode effect.
  • Observation of nonlinear DC intermodulation and two-signal rectification due to the multi-terminal nature.

Conclusions:

  • The Josephson diode effect is an inherent property of multi-terminal Josephson devices.
  • This work establishes a scalable platform for realizing the Josephson diode effect, independent of specific material platforms.
  • These devices offer potential as gate-tunable building blocks for topological qubits.