Sex differences in children's cognitive functions and phthalates exposure: a meta-analysis
Yu-Chi Liao1,2,3, Yi-Jia Xu1, Jing-Kai Chen1
1Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Pediatric Research
|June 1, 2023
Summary
Phthalate exposure impacts children's intelligence. This study found sex differences in cognitive function vary with age and phthalate levels, suggesting girls may be more resilient to lower phthalate concentrations.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Developmental Psychology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Phthalate exposure is a potential risk factor for impaired children's intelligence development.
- This study investigates how sex and age influence cognitive function in children exposed to phthalates.
- It also examines if sex differences in cognitive performance are exacerbated by higher phthalate concentrations.
Approach:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 1995 and 2022 was conducted.
- Data from 2422 articles were screened, with nine selected based on inclusion criteria.
- The PRISMA process and PECO framework were followed, with GRADE used to assess evidence certainty.
Key Points:
- Meta-regression revealed significant differences in sex disparities related to age at phthalate assessment (β = -0.25) and MEHP concentration (β = -0.20).
- Cognitive function scores showed significant differences between sexes, associated with age at phthalate concentration assessment.
- Girls may exhibit greater cognitive resilience at younger ages or lower phthalate metabolite concentrations.
Conclusions:
- This meta-analysis is the first to assess sex differences in objective cognitive functions related to phthalate exposure in children.
- Female sex may offer a protective effect against plasticizer toxicity at low exposure levels.
- Further research is needed to understand phthalate exposure effects on attention and executive functions.
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