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Related Concept Videos

Pharynx01:20

Pharynx

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The pharynx, a tubular structure framed by skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membrane, extends continuously from the nasal cavities. It is segmented into three major areas: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx
The nasopharynx, bordered by the conchae of the nasal cavity, serves exclusively as an air conduit. In its superior region, the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids are located. These tonsils are clusters of lymphoid reticular tissue akin to a lymph node. The precise...
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....
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Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
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Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy
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Pharyngeal Arches, Chapter 1: Normal Development and Derivatives.

Sara Toro-Tobon1, Monica Manrique, Juliana Paredes-Gutierrez

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Pharyngeal arches are crucial for face and neck development. Understanding their embryology and anatomy is essential for diagnosing and treating craniofacial abnormalities.

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Area of Science:

  • Embryology
  • Anatomy
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Pharyngeal arches are fundamental to craniofacial development.
  • Anomalies in their growth lead to craniofacial abnormalities.
  • Surgeons require deep knowledge of pharyngeal arch anatomy for head and neck pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of pharyngeal arch embryology and anatomy.
  • To serve as the foundational part of a three-part educational series.
  • To aid in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions related to aberrant pharyngeal arch development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of embryology and anatomy.
  • Detailed description of normal pharyngeal arch development.
  • Nomenclature and anatomical descriptions.

Main Results:

  • Established the role of pharyngeal arches in normal craniofacial formation.
  • Detailed the embryological timeline and key anatomical structures.
  • Provided a basis for understanding subsequent parts on pathologic anomalies and orofacial clefts.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of pharyngeal arch embryology and anatomy is paramount for clinicians.
  • This foundational knowledge is critical for managing craniofacial abnormalities.
  • This series aims to enhance diagnostic and treatment strategies for head and neck pathologies.