Melt electrowriting-printed peritoneal scaffold prevents peritoneal adhesion and facilitates peritoneal repair

Peritoneal adhesion is a critical issue after abdominal surgery. Cell-based methods for preventing peritoneal adhesion have not yet been fully investigated. Here, we constructed a highly biomimetic peritoneal scaffold by seeding mesothelial cells, the natural physiological barrier of the peritoneum, onto a melt electrowriting-printed scaffold. The scaffolds with the microfibers crossed at different angles (30°, 60°, and 90°) were screened based on mesothelial cell proliferation and orientation. Thirty degrees were more suitable for improving proliferation of mesothelial cells and cell growth in a single direction; therefore, the 30° peritoneal scaffold could better mimic the physiological structure of native peritoneum. Mechanistically, such a peritoneal scaffold was able to act as a barrier to prevent peritoneal resident macrophages from migrating to the site of the peritoneal lesion. In vivo mesothelial cell tracking using lentivirus technology confirmed that the peritoneal scaffold, compared to the scaffold without mesothelial cells, could prevent peritoneal adhesion and was directly involved in the repair of injured peritoneum. This study suggests that the peritoneal scaffolds can potentially prevent peritoneal adhesion, offering a new approach for clinical treatment.