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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

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Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

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Sex-Related Differences in Medically Treated Moderate Aortic Stenosis.

Jan Stassen1, Stephan M Pio1, See Hooi Ewe2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Structural Heart : the Journal of the Heart Team
|June 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Men with moderate aortic stenosis (AS) have worse survival than women. Male sex is linked to higher mortality, highlighting the need for sex-specific management strategies in moderate AS.

Keywords:
All-cause mortalityEchocardiographyLeft ventricular remodelingModerate aortic stenosisSex

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Sex Differences in Health

Background:

  • Moderate aortic stenosis (AS) is associated with poor long-term survival.
  • Sex differences in left ventricular (LV) remodeling and outcomes are known in severe AS but not evaluated in moderate AS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in LV remodeling and clinical outcomes in patients with moderate AS.
  • To determine if male sex is an independent predictor of mortality in moderate AS.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, multicenter study of 1895 patients with moderate AS (2001-2019).
  • Comparison of clinical and echocardiographic parameters between men and women.
  • Follow-up for all-cause mortality, censored at aortic valve replacement.

Main Results:

  • Women exhibited more concentric hypertrophy and pronounced LV diastolic dysfunction than men.
  • Men had significantly higher 3- and 5-year mortality rates (30%, 48%) compared to women (26%, 39%).
  • Male sex was independently associated with increased mortality (HR 1.209; p=0.025); LV remodeling also predicted worse outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct LV remodeling patterns exist between sexes in moderate AS.
  • Male sex is an independent predictor of worse outcomes in medically treated moderate AS.
  • Sex-specific management approaches for moderate AS require further investigation.