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Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction00:55

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Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
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A pyridine modified naphthol hydrazone Schiff base chemosensor for Al

Brian Musikavanhu1, Zeping Huang2, Quanhong Ma3

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.

Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
|June 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A new chemosensor, NaPy, efficiently detects aluminum ions (Al3+) with high sensitivity and selectivity. This probe is effective for real-world environmental and biological sample analysis.

Keywords:
Aluminum ionBioimagingChemosensorIntramolecular charge transferSchiff base

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Aluminum ion (Al3+) is crucial in biological systems but toxic at high levels.
  • Sensitive and selective detection of Al3+ is vital for environmental monitoring and diagnostics.
  • Existing chemosensors often face challenges with selectivity and sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel pyridine-modified naphthol hydrazone Schiff base chemosensor, NaPy.
  • To investigate the sensing mechanism and performance of NaPy for Al3+ detection.
  • To evaluate the applicability of NaPy in real environmental and biological samples.

Main Methods:

  • Two-step synthesis of the NaPy chemosensor.
  • Spectroscopic measurements (e.g., fluorescence) to study Al3+ binding.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the sensing mechanism.
  • Selectivity tests with various metal ions.
  • Application studies in paper strips, water samples, and HeLa cells.

Main Results:

  • NaPy demonstrated a turn-off emission response to Al3+ with 1:1 binding stoichiometry.
  • The sensing mechanism involves intramolecular charge transfer (ICT).
  • High sensitivity was achieved with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.164 µM.
  • NaPy showed excellent selectivity for Al3+ over seventeen other cations.
  • The probe was successfully applied to detect Al3+ in paper strips, water, and cells.

Conclusions:

  • NaPy is a highly sensitive and selective chemosensor for Al3+ detection.
  • The ICT mechanism contributes to the probe's performance.
  • NaPy shows significant potential for practical applications in environmental and biological sensing.