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The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical features.

B A Navia, B D Jordan, R W Price

    Annals of Neurology
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex frequently causes progressive dementia, motor, and behavioral dysfunction. This neurological complication is likely caused by direct brain infection with the AIDS-causing retrovirus.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with a high incidence of neurological complications.
    • Dementia is a significant manifestation in patients with advanced AIDS.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the clinical presentation and course of dementia in patients with AIDS.
    • To investigate the potential cause of this neurological complication.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of autopsy findings in 70 patients with AIDS.
    • Clinical and pathological correlation of neurological symptoms and brain pathology.

    Main Results:

    • 46 out of 70 (66%) AIDS patients exhibited progressive dementia.
    Keywords:
    Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome--complicationsAge FactorsBehavior--changesBiologyCase StudiesCentral Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System EffectsData AnalysisDiseasesHiv InfectionsIncidenceMeasurementMental DisordersNeurologic EffectsOphthalmological EffectsPhysiologyPopulation At RiskPopulation CharacteristicsResearch MethodologyRetinal EffectsSigns And SymptomsStudiesViral Diseases

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  • Early symptoms included memory/concentration impairment, psychomotor slowing, motor deficits (ataxia, weakness, tremor), or behavioral changes (apathy, psychosis).
  • Advanced stages presented with severe dementia, mutism, incontinence, paraplegia, and myoclonus.

    • Conclusions:

    • The AIDS dementia complex presents with a unique and progressive clinical picture.
    • The findings support the hypothesis that direct retroviral brain infection causes this neurological complication in AIDS patients.