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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Photopatterning Proteins and Cells in Aqueous Environment Using TiO2 Photocatalysis
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UV-Activated Au Modified TiO

Su Zhang1, Baoyu Huang1, Zenghao Jiang1

  • 1School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Gold-modified titanium dioxide/indium oxide (Au/TiO2/In2O3) hollow nanospheres show enhanced formaldehyde detection at room temperature. This novel sensor offers rapid response and high sensitivity, making it ideal for environmental monitoring.

Keywords:
Au modified TiO2/In2O3 hollow nanospheresUV activationin situ DRIFTSroom temperature formaldehyde sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Sensing

Background:

  • Formaldehyde is a common indoor air pollutant with significant health implications.
  • Developing highly sensitive and selective sensors for formaldehyde detection at room temperature is crucial for effective monitoring.
  • Metal oxide-based nanomaterials offer promising properties for gas sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize Au/TiO2/In2O3 hollow nanospheres.
  • To evaluate the formaldehyde sensing performance of the synthesized nanocomposite sensor.
  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the enhanced sensing properties.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrolysis method using carbon nanospheres as sacrificial templates for hollow nanosphere synthesis.
  • Fabrication of chemiresistive-type gas sensors based on Au/TiO2/In2O3 nanocomposites.
  • Gas sensing measurements at room temperature under UV-LED irradiation.
  • In situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) for surface reaction analysis.

Main Results:

  • Au/TiO2/In2O3 hollow nanospheres exhibited superior formaldehyde sensing performance compared to pure TiO2, In2O3, and TiO2/In2O3 sensors.
  • The sensor showed a high response of 5.6 to 1 ppm formaldehyde, with a rapid response time of 18 s and recovery time of 42 s.
  • A low detection limit of 60 ppb formaldehyde was achieved.
  • DRIFTS analysis indicated that nanoheterojunctions and Au nanoparticle sensitization contribute to improved sensing.

Conclusions:

  • Au/TiO2/In2O3 hollow nanospheres represent a highly effective material for room-temperature formaldehyde detection.
  • The synergistic effects between Au nanoparticles, TiO2, and In2O3, facilitated by nanoheterojunctions, significantly enhance sensor performance.
  • The developed sensor shows great potential for practical applications in formaldehyde monitoring.