Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles from Various Biological Sources and Its Biomedical Applications

Area of Science:

• Nanomedicine
• Green Synthesis
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Nanomedicine is crucial in global healthcare, with biological nanoparticle acquisition offering eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives.
• Traditional physical and chemical methods for nanoparticle synthesis pose environmental and toxicity concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in biological methods for nanoparticle procurement.
• To elucidate the use of diverse biological agents (plants, algae, bacteria, fungi, yeast) in nanoparticle synthesis.
• To examine the biomedical applications of bio-mediated nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of bio-mediated nanoparticle synthesis.
• Analysis of various biological agents and their roles in nanoparticle formation.
• Examination of biochemical mechanisms and bioactive compounds involved in bio-mediated acquisition.

Main Results:

• Biological acquisition methods are non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective compared to physical and chemical routes.
• Bio-mediated nanoparticles demonstrate significant potential in diverse therapeutic applications, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities.
• Plant extracts are particularly advantageous due to bioavailability, environmental friendliness, and low cost.

Conclusions:

• Bio-mediated nanoparticle synthesis presents a sustainable and advantageous approach for nanomedicine.
• Further research into biochemical mechanisms and bioactive compounds will enhance the development and application of these nanoparticles.
• This review consolidates current knowledge, providing insights for researchers across various disciplines.