Nutritional Status, Selected Nutrients Intake, and Metabolic Disorders in Bariatric Surgery Patients

Area of Science:

• Metabolic Surgery
• Obesity Management
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Bariatric surgery is the leading treatment for obesity and associated conditions.
• Poor adherence to post-surgery dietary guidelines can impede weight loss and lead to metabolic disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the impact of bariatric surgery on anthropometric measures and nutrient consumption.
• To compare the efficacy of different bariatric procedures in weight loss and metabolic parameter changes.

Main Methods:

• A 12-month postoperative follow-up study comparing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB).
• Evaluation of anthropometric parameters including percent excess weight loss (%EWL), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).
• Analysis of selected nutrient intake, including energy, macronutrients, and fatty acids.

Main Results:

• LRYGB demonstrated significantly higher %EWL, WHR, and WHtR changes compared to LSG and LAGB.
• RYGB led to significant reductions in total cholesterol and LDL-C.
• Postoperative diets showed decreased intake of energy, sucrose, fiber, EPA+DHA, and specific fats, but still deviated from recommendations.

Conclusions:

• LRYGB is more effective for weight loss and improving anthropometric measures than LSG and LAGB.
• While bariatric surgery significantly impacts weight and lipids, patient dietary habits post-surgery require attention to prevent metabolic complications.
• Dietary intake, particularly energy from fats, correlates with body weight and adverse metabolic indicators, highlighting the need for continued nutritional guidance.