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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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New organic ionic plastic crystals utilizing the morpholinium cation.

Azra Sourjah1, Colin S M Kang1, Cara M Doherty2

  • 1Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia. jenny.pringle@deakin.edu.au.

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|June 12, 2023
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This summary is machine-generated.

New morpholinium-based organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) offer safer, quasi solid-state ion conduction for batteries. The ether functional group in morpholinium cations enhances electrolyte properties for clean energy applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are promising quasi solid-state electrolytes for next-generation batteries.
  • A deeper understanding of structure-property relationships in OIPCs is crucial for optimizing their performance.
  • Morpholinium cations with ether functional groups are being explored for enhanced ion transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize and characterize novel morpholinium-based OIPCs.
  • Investigate the impact of cation structure and anion choice on OIPC properties.
  • Evaluate OIPCs for potential applications in advanced energy storage.

Main Methods:

  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) for thermal behavior.
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for ionic conductivity.
  • Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) for free volume analysis.
  • Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for ion dynamics.
  • Cyclic voltammetry (CV) for electrochemical stability.

Main Results:

  • [C2mmor][FSI] exhibited the widest phase I range (11–129 °C).
  • [C(i3)mmor][FSI] showed the highest conductivity (1 × 10⁻⁶ S cm⁻¹ at 30 °C).
  • [C2mmor][TFSI] displayed the largest vacancy volume (132 ų).

Conclusions:

  • Morpholinium-based OIPCs with ether functional groups demonstrate tunable thermal and transport properties.
  • These OIPCs show potential as electrolytes for clean energy applications, particularly batteries.
  • Understanding cation/anion effects is key to designing optimized OIPC electrolytes.