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Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

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Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Facile Preparation of Internally Self-assembled Lipid Particles Stabilized by Carbon Nanotubes

Facile Preparation of Internally Self-assembled Lipid Particles Stabilized by Carbon Nanotubes

Published on: February 19, 2016

Pickering emulsions stabilized with differently charged particles.

Mathis Benyaya¹, Marie-Alexandrine Bolzinger¹, Yves Chevalier¹

¹Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP), 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France. claire.bordes@univ-lyon1.fr.

|June 15, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pickering emulsions offer a surfactant-free alternative for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Combining oppositely charged particles significantly enhances emulsion stability and droplet control.

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Area of Science:

Colloid and Surface Science
Materials Science
Formulation Science

Background:

Surfactants in cosmetic and pharmaceutical emulsions pose health and environmental challenges.
Pickering emulsions, stabilized by colloidal particles, present a sustainable alternative.
Developing effective surfactant-free emulsions requires understanding particle stabilization mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the use of neutral, anionic, and cationic particles, alone and in binary mixtures, for stabilizing Pickering emulsions.
To analyze the influence of particle charge and adsorption kinetics on emulsion properties.
To explore synergistic effects in binary particle mixtures for enhanced emulsion performance.

Main Methods:

Preparation and characterization of Pickering emulsions using three distinct particle types (neutral, anionic, cationic).
Evaluation of emulsion properties, including droplet size, coverage, and particle loading, under varying conditions.
Study of particle adsorption kinetics at the water/oil interface.

Main Results:

Particle adsorption kinetics, not post-adsorption interactions, dictate interfacial coverage and organization.
Binary mixtures of particles offer superior control over droplet coverage and particle loading.
Combinations of anionic and cationic particles yielded emulsions with smaller droplets and increased particle coverage.

Conclusions:

Pickering emulsions stabilized by binary particle mixtures provide tunable properties for formulation development.
The strategic combination of oppositely charged particles is key to achieving enhanced emulsion stability and performance.
This approach offers a promising route for designing advanced, eco-friendly emulsions for various industries.